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Electronic Reserve
Text: Outline and Commentary from The Oxford Companion to the Bible
Pastoral Letters, The. Since the second half of the eighteenth century
the two letters to Timothy and the letter to Titus have been known as
the Pastoral Letters. The three are closely related in both content
and form and offer advice about the exercise of the pastoral office
in the care and oversight of congregations.
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Outline.
1 TIMOTHY
I.Opening (1.1-2)
II.Body of instructions (1.3-6.21a):
A. The authority of Paul to give instructions to Timothy in the face
of false teachers (1.3-20)
B. The instructions (2.1-6.21a):
1. On prayer for all (2.1-7)
2. On the inner connection between the prayer of men and women and their
conduct (2.8-10)
3. On women who are false teachers (2.9-15)
4. On bishops (3.1-7)
5. On deacons (3.8-13)
6. Interlude: basis of and need for instructions for the household of
God in the face of false teachers who deny the goodness of marriage
and creation (3.14-4.5)
7. To Timothy to teach Paul's instructions (4.6-5.2)
8. On widows (5.3-16)
9. On elders (5.17-25)
10. To slaves (6.1-2a)
11. To Timothy to teach the foregoing instructions in the face of greedy
false teachers (6.2b-21a)
III.Closing (6.21b) 2 TIMOTHY
I.Opening (1.1-2)
II.Thanksgiving (1.3-5)
III.Body of letter: Paul's example, exhortations, and predictions form
his last will and testament for Timothy (1.6-4.18):
A.Paul bequeaths to Timothy the deposit of faith for which he suffers
(1.6-18)
B.Exhortation to Timothy to be prepared to suffer, like Paul, as a teacher
(2.1-7)
C.Example of Paul who draws strength from the gospel as he suffers (2.8-13)
D.Exhortation to Timothy to teach faithfully in the face of the evil
conduct of false teachers (2.14-26)
E.Prediction that false teachers will abound in the last times (3.1-9)
F.Example of Paul's life of teaching amid great persecution (3.10-17)
G.Exhortation to Timothy to teach persistently; prediction that people
will give little heed to sound teaching (4.1-5)
H.Example of Paul, who at death's door trusts in God to save him (4.6-18)
IV.Final greetings and closing (4.19-22) TITUS
I.Opening (1.1-4)
II.Body of instructions (1.5-3.11):
A.Instruction to Titus to appoint elders and bishops in Crete who will
promote sound teaching in the face of those teaching Jewish myths (1.5-16)
B.Instructions that accord with sound doctrine (2.1-15):
1. On older men and women (2.1-3)
2. On younger women and men (2.4-8)
3. On slaves (2.9-10)
4. Theological and christological bases of the instructions (2.11-15)
C.Additional instructions (3.1-11):
1. Instruction to live a harmonious, generous, and gracious life with
all (3.1-7)
2. Instruction to do good deeds and to avoid idle words (3.8-11)
III.Closing (3.12-15)
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Authorship.
The authorship of these letters, called pastoral because they deal largely
with pastoral or practical matters and grouped together because they
address the same issues in a uniform style, is contested. While the
Pastoral Letters have a noticeable Pauline character, there are five
major areas in which they differ from the indisputedly genuine Pauline
letters. First, the vocabulary (e.g., "the saying is sure"
1 Tim. 1.15; 3.1; 4.9; 2 Tim. 2.11; Titus 3.8) and style vary greatly
from those of the letters to the Romans and Corinthians and are closer
to those of the apostolic fathers such as Polycarp. Second, the theological
concepts (e.g., "the faith") and the stress on public respectability
differ markedly from emphases in the undisputed Pauline letters. Third,
church order-bishops, elders, widows, deacons-does not correspond to
that found in the genuine Pauline letters but is more like that in evidenc
How to cite this entry:
Robert J. Karris, O.F.M. "Pastoral Letters, The" The Oxford
Companion to the Bible. Bruce M. Metzger and Michael D. Coogan, eds.
Oxford University Press Inc. 1993. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University
Press. Illinois State University. 22 August 2005 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t120.e0554>
For more information about Oxford Reference Online please visit: http://www.oxfordreference.com/
For more information about Oxford University Press and its publications
please visit: http://www.oup.com/
Oxford Reference Online: The Core Collection. Copyright © 2003
Oxford University Press and its licensors. All Rights Reserved
Privacy Policy and Legal Notices
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Authorship.
The authorship of these letters, called pastoral because they deal largely
with pastoral or practical matters and grouped together because they address
the same issues in a uniform style, is contested. While the Pastoral Letters
have a noticeable Pauline character, there are five major areas in which
they differ from the indisputedly genuine Pauline letters. First, the
vocabulary (e.g., "the saying is sure" 1 Tim. 1.15; 3.1; 4.9;
2 Tim. 2.11; Titus 3.8) and style vary greatly from those of the letters
to the Romans and Corinthians and are closer to those of the apostolic
fathers such as Polycarp. Second, the theological concepts (e.g., "the
faith") and the stress on public respectability differ markedly from
emphases in the undisputed Pauline letters. Third, church order-bishops,
elders, widows, deacons-does not correspond to that found in the genuine
Pauline letters but is more like that in evidenc
How to cite this entry:
Robert J. Karris, O.F.M. "Pastoral Letters, The" The Oxford
Companion to the Bible. Bruce M. Metzger and Michael D. Coogan, eds.
Oxford University Press Inc. 1993. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University
Press. Illinois State University. 22 August 2005 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t120.e0554>
For more information about Oxford Reference Online please visit: http://www.oxfordreference.com/
For more information about Oxford University Press and its publications
please visit: http://www.oup.com/
Oxford Reference Online: The Core Collection. Copyright © 2003
Oxford University Press and its licensors. All Rights Reserved
Privacy Policy and Legal Notices
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